{"id":5758,"date":"2025-05-30T09:49:41","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T07:49:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/?p=5758"},"modified":"2026-01-28T17:17:57","modified_gmt":"2026-01-28T16:17:57","slug":"concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/","title":{"rendered":"Concentration de sucres par \u00e9vapo-concentration: un partenariat durable"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration: depuis pr\u00e8s de dix ans, nous collaborons \u00e9troitement avec un acteur majeur du secteur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/expertise-approche-globale-problematiques-industries-secteur\/solutions-globales-defis-procedes-industrie-agroalimentaire\/\">agroalimentaire<\/a>. Ce partenariat de longue dur\u00e9e nous a permis de mettre en \u0153uvre notre savoir-faire dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019\u00e9vaporateurs sur plusieurs de leurs sites de production, dans une logique de durabilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une nouvelle phase strat\u00e9gique depuis 2022<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Depuis 2022, ce partenariat a franchi une nouvelle \u00e9tape avec un objectif clair : concentrer diff\u00e9rents types de sucres par \u00e9vapo-concentration, afin de r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et diminuer l\u2019empreinte carbone des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s industriels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le principe ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c9liminer l\u2019eau par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/technologies-expertise-industrie-evaporation-cristallisation-distillation-decarbonation\/evaporation-concentration-reduction\/\">\u00e9vaporation <\/a>pour obtenir un produit sucr\u00e9 \u00e0 la concentration pr\u00e9cise souhait\u00e9e, tout en r\u00e9cup\u00e9rant et recyclant l\u2019\u00e9nergie utilis\u00e9e au cours du processus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour relever ce d\u00e9fi, nous avons con\u00e7u et mis en \u0153uvre un ensemble de 5 \u00e9vaporateurs, coupl\u00e9s \u00e0 5 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/expertise-approche-globale-problematiques-industries-secteur\/electrification-procedes-economie-energie-decarbonation\/compression-mecanique-vapeur-cmv-reduction-empreinte-carbone-economies-energie\/\">Compresseurs M\u00e9caniques de Vapeur (CMV)<\/a>, permettant une valorisation maximale de l\u2019\u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un impact carbone significatif<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les r\u00e9sultats sont \u00e0 la hauteur des enjeux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list fe-list-decorated\">\n<li class=\"fe-list-decorated\">15 000 tonnes de CO\u2082 \u00e9conomis\u00e9es chaque ann\u00e9e,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"fe-list-decorated\">Soit l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de 15 000 allers-retours Paris \u2013 New York en avion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ces performances d\u00e9montrent la pertinence d\u2019une technologie bien ma\u00eetris\u00e9e, appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 des fili\u00e8res industrielles existantes, avec des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices imm\u00e9diats pour le climat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des applications multiples et \u00e0 forte valeur ajout\u00e9e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les sucres concentr\u00e9s obtenus ne sont pas simplement valoris\u00e9s dans <a href=\"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/expertise-approche-globale-problematiques-industries-secteur\/solutions-globales-defis-procedes-industrie-agroalimentaire\/\">l\u2019agroalimentaire<\/a>. Ils trouvent des d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s vari\u00e9s et strat\u00e9giques :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list fe-list-decorated\">\n<li class=\"fe-list-decorated\">Dans la fabrication d\u2019excipients pharmaceutiques, o\u00f9 la puret\u00e9 et la concentration sont essentielles,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"fe-list-decorated\">Dans l\u2019alimentation, notamment pour la production de bonbons embl\u00e9matiques appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s par tous,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"fe-list-decorated\">Dans l\u2019industrie, comme composant substitut dans la fabrication de ciment, en remplacement de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res plus polluantes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une contribution directe \u00e0 une industrie plus propre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette r\u00e9alisation illustre concr\u00e8tement comment nos technologies, lorsqu\u2019elles sont bien int\u00e9gr\u00e9es aux processus industriels, permettent :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li class=\"fe-list-decorated\">De r\u00e9duire significativement les consommations \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"fe-list-decorated\">De limiter les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"fe-list-decorated\">Et de donner une seconde vie \u00e0 des produits, dans une logique de valorisation circulaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nous sommes fiers d\u2019accompagner nos clients vers des solutions plus durables, plus sobres et plus responsables, sans compromis sur la performance.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vous souhaitez en savoir plus sur nos solutions de concentration ou de valorisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ?<br>Nos \u00e9quipes sont \u00e0 votre \u00e9coute sur contact@evaporation.fr<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration: depuis pr\u00e8s de dix ans, nous collaborons \u00e9troitement avec un acteur majeur du secteur agroalimentaire. Ce partenariat de longue dur\u00e9e nous a permis de mettre en \u0153uvre notre savoir-faire dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019\u00e9vaporateurs sur plusieurs de leurs sites de production, dans une logique de durabilit\u00e9. Une nouvelle phase strat\u00e9gique depuis 2022 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration: FE accompagne l\u2019industrie agroalimentaire dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019\u00e9vaporateurs et CMV pour r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, limiter le CO\u2082 et valoriser les sucres.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration: FE accompagne l\u2019industrie agroalimentaire dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019\u00e9vaporateurs et CMV pour r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, limiter le CO\u2082 et valoriser les sucres.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"France Evaporation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FranceEvaporation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-30T07:49:41+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-01-28T16:17:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/media\/jce\/icons\/pdf.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"20\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"20\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Amina Hamdani\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Amina Hamdani\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Amina Hamdani\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/670677f5f096c76bf9d1c8fa376bd33b\"},\"headline\":\"Concentration de sucres par \u00e9vapo-concentration: un partenariat durable\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-30T07:49:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-28T16:17:57+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":418,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\\\/\",\"name\":\"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-30T07:49:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-01-28T16:17:57+00:00\",\"description\":\"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration: FE accompagne l\u2019industrie agroalimentaire dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019\u00e9vaporateurs et CMV pour r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, limiter le CO\u2082 et valoriser les sucres.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/actualites\\\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Actualit\u00e9s\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/.\\\/actualites\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Concentration de sucres par \u00e9vapo-concentration: un partenariat durable\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"France Evaporation\",\"description\":\"Concentr\u00e9 de solutions\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"France Evaporation\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/fe-logo.svg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/fe-logo.svg\",\"width\":131,\"height\":60,\"caption\":\"France Evaporation\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/FranceEvaporation\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/3760850\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@franceevaporation3610\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.evaporation.com\\\/fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/670677f5f096c76bf9d1c8fa376bd33b\",\"name\":\"Amina Hamdani\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration","description":"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration: FE accompagne l\u2019industrie agroalimentaire dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019\u00e9vaporateurs et CMV pour r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, limiter le CO\u2082 et valoriser les sucres.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration","og_description":"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration: FE accompagne l\u2019industrie agroalimentaire dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019\u00e9vaporateurs et CMV pour r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, limiter le CO\u2082 et valoriser les sucres.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/","og_site_name":"France Evaporation","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FranceEvaporation","article_published_time":"2025-05-30T07:49:41+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-01-28T16:17:57+00:00","og_image":[{"width":20,"height":20,"url":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/media\/jce\/icons\/pdf.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Amina Hamdani","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"Amina Hamdani","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/"},"author":{"name":"Amina Hamdani","@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/670677f5f096c76bf9d1c8fa376bd33b"},"headline":"Concentration de sucres par \u00e9vapo-concentration: un partenariat durable","datePublished":"2025-05-30T07:49:41+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-28T16:17:57+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/"},"wordCount":418,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#organization"},"articleSection":["Actualit\u00e9s"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/","url":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/","name":"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#website"},"datePublished":"2025-05-30T07:49:41+00:00","dateModified":"2026-01-28T16:17:57+00:00","description":"Concentration de sucre par evapo-concentration: FE accompagne l\u2019industrie agroalimentaire dans l\u2019int\u00e9gration d\u2019\u00e9vaporateurs et CMV pour r\u00e9duire la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, limiter le CO\u2082 et valoriser les sucres.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/actualites\/concentration-sucres-evapo-concentration\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Actualit\u00e9s","item":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/.\/actualites\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Concentration de sucres par \u00e9vapo-concentration: un partenariat durable"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/","name":"France Evaporation","description":"Concentr\u00e9 de solutions","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#organization","name":"France Evaporation","url":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fe-logo.svg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/fe-logo.svg","width":131,"height":60,"caption":"France Evaporation"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/FranceEvaporation","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/3760850\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@franceevaporation3610"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/#\/schema\/person\/670677f5f096c76bf9d1c8fa376bd33b","name":"Amina Hamdani"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5758"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5758\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7713,"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5758\/revisions\/7713"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evaporation.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}